Abstract
Urticaria can be induced with a wide variety of environmental stimuli, such as cold, pressure, vibration, sunlight, exercise, temperature changes, heat, and water. Urticaria caused by physical factors has been reported as the cause of 6-17% of the chronic urticaria in children. We present three cases here - cholinergic, cold and aquagenic urticaria - in which the diagnosis was proven with exercise, ice-cube and water provocation tests, respectively.
Copyright and license
Copyright © 2013 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.