Although neonatal tetanus (NT) can be prevented by immunization of expectant mothers and by good hygiene and asepsis during delivery, it is still a common cause of neonatal mortality in developing countries. The objective of this study was to determine indicators in NT. We reviewed the clinical records of 73 neonates admitted to the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Ward of Dicle University Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey, with the diagnosis of NT. Delivery had occurred at home by untrained traditional birth attendants in all cases. None of the mothers had immunization with tetanus toxoid during pregnancy. The median age of infants at presentation was 7.3 days and the mean age at onset of symptoms was 5.6 +/- 2.8 days. The overall mortality was found to be 52 percent. Mortality was significantly associated with an incubation period of 4.3 days or less and fever. The incidence of NT in Turkey is on the decline due to widespread tetanus toxoid use in pregnant women, but in some regions, especially in the so-called rural poor areas, there is still risk of preventable diseases. Hygienic deliveries and immunization of pregnant women are very important for the prevention of NT deaths, and universal prenatal care, including education programs on appropriate perinatal and cord care, can significantly reduce NT incidence and mortality in developing countries.