We screened 1647 randomly selected Turkish primary school children to detect the prevalence of hypercalciuria. Ninety-seven children had hypercalciuria, with a prevalence of 5.88 percent. Mean Uca/Ucr ratio was 0.135 \pm 0.108 ; mean Uca/Ucr value for girls was 0.139 and for boys 0.130 ( p > 0.05 ). Mean Uca/Ucr of boys with hypercalciuria was 0.341 \pm 0.09 and of girls 0.327 \pm 0.08 ( p > 0.05 ). Of these 97 children, all investigations could be completed in only 40 and these cases were considered to be idiopathic. Twelve children (21%) had a family history of consanguinity and 17 (29.8%) of renal stones. The relation between blood parathormone and Uca/Ucr ratio was not statistically important ( p > 0.05 ).

Keywords: hypercalciuria, prevalence, children