Abstract

Background. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease in premature infants caused by an imbalance between lung injury and lung repair in the developing immature lungs of the newborn. Pulmonary inflammation is an important feature in the pathogenesis of BPD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the inflammatory microenvironment and the levels of visfatin and nesfatin-1, which are among the new adipocytokines, in BPD patients.

Methods. The groups consisted of 30 patients with BPD and 30 healthy children. Plasma levels of visfatin and nesfatin-1 and inflammation-related markers including interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), nuclear factor kappa B (Nf-κB) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RT-PCR was performed to evaluate the change in mRNA expression of visfatin and nesfatin-1 in the groups.

Results. Visfatin levels were significantly higher in the BPD group compared to the healthy control (7.05±4.07 ng/ml vs. 2.13±1.66 ng/ml, p<0.0001). There was a 1.36±0.12 fold increase in visfatin mRNA expression (p<0.05) in the BPD group. There was no significant difference in plasma levels of nesfatin-1, IL-4, and IL-10 between the groups. Although MMP-9 and Nf-κB levels were significantly higher in the BPD group (p<0.0001), there was no correlation between visfatin levels and MMP-9 and Nf-κB levels in BPD patients.

Conclusions. This study showed that significant changes in visfatin levels in BPD patients might be associated with the risk of developing inflammation in BPD.

Keywords: adipokine, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, inflammation, nesfatin-1, visfatin

Copyright and license

Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

How to cite

1.
Hoti B, Özcan G, Çobanoğlu N, Topçu S, Bakar Ateş F. Elevated visfatin levels illuminate the inflammatory path in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Turk J Pediatr 2024; Early View: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.24953/turkjpediatr.2024.5150

References

  1. Jobe AH. Animal models, learning lessons to prevent and treat neonatal chronic lung disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2: 49. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2015.00049
  2. Northway WH, Rosan RC, Porter DY. Pulmonary disease following respirator therapy of hyaline-membrane disease. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. N Engl J Med 1967; 276: 357-368. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM196702162760701
  3. Natarajan G, Pappas A, Shankaran S, et al. Outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: impact of the physiologic definition. Early Hum Dev 2012; 88: 509-515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.12.013
  4. McEvoy CT, Jain L, Schmidt B, Abman S, Bancalari E, Aschner JL. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: NHLBI workshop on the primary prevention of chronic lung diseases. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2014; 11(Suppl 3): S146-S153. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201312-424LD
  5. Baraldi E, Filippone M. Chronic lung disease after premature birth. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1946-1955. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra067279
  6. Ali Z, Schmidt P, Dodd J, Jeppesen DL. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a review. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2013; 288: 325-333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-013-2753-8
  7. Madurga A, Mizíková I, Ruiz-Camp J, Morty RE. Recent advances in late lung development and the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305: L893-L905. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00267.2013
  8. Fantuzzi G. Adipose tissue, adipokines, and inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 115: 911-920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2005.02.023
  9. Ouchi N, Parker JL, Lugus JJ, Walsh K. Adipokines in inflammation and metabolic disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2011; 11: 85-97. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2921
  10. Stengel A, Goebel M, Yakubov I, et al. Identification and characterization of nesfatin-1 immunoreactivity in endocrine cell types of the rat gastric oxyntic mucosa. Endocrinology 2009; 150: 232-238. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-0747
  11. Ramanjaneya M, Chen J, Brown JE, et al. Identification of nesfatin-1 in human and murine adipose tissue: a novel depot-specific adipokine with increased levels in obesity. Endocrinology 2010; 151: 3169-3180. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-1358
  12. Kim J, Chung Y, Kim H, Im E, Lee H, Yang H. The tissue distribution of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 in mouse. Dev Reprod 2014; 18: 301-309. https://doi.org/10.12717/devrep.2014.18.4.301
  13. Cetinkaya H, Karagöz B, Bilgi O, et al. Nesfatin-1 in advanced lung cancer patients with weight loss. Regul Pept 2013; 181: 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regpep.2012.11.005
  14. Hara N, Yamada K, Shibata T, Osago H, Tsuchiya M. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase/visfatin does not catalyze nicotinamide mononucleotide formation in blood plasma. PLoS One 2011; 6: e22781. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022781
  15. Aukland SM, Rosendahl K, Owens CM, Fosse KR, Eide GE, Halvorsen T. Neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia predicts abnormal pulmonary HRCT scans in long-term survivors of extreme preterm birth. Thorax 2009; 64: 405-410. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.2008.103739
  16. Ghobadi H, Mokhtari S, Aslani MR. Serum levels of visfatin, sirtuin-1, and interleukin-6 in stable and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Res Med Sci 2021; 26: 17. https://doi.org/10.4103/jrms.JRMS_626_19
  17. Ye SQ, Simon BA, Maloney JP, et al. Pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor as a potential novel biomarker in acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171: 361-370. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200404-563OC
  18. Gao W, Mao Q, Feng AW, et al. Inhibition of pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor attenuates inflammation and apoptosis induced by pandemic H1N1 2009 in lung endothelium. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2011; 178: 235-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2011.06.016
  19. Weibert E, Hofmann T, Stengel A. Role of nesfatin-1 in anxiety, depression and the response to stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 100: 58-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.09.037
  20. Cohen RI, Ginsberg N, Tsang D, Wann LC, Ye X, Liu SF. Association of nesfatin-1 and fat mass in cystic fibrosis. Respiration 2013; 86: 312-317. https://doi.org/10.1159/000345375
  21. Hui J, Aulakh GK, Unniappan S, Singh B. Localization of nucleobindin2/nesfatin-1-like immunoreactivity in human lungs and neutrophils. Ann Anat 2022; 239: 151774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151774
  22. Oeckinghaus A, Ghosh S. The NF-kappaB family of transcription factors and its regulation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2009; 1: a000034. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a000034
  23. Bourbia A, Cruz MA, Rozycki HJ. NF-kappaB in tracheal lavage fluid from intubated premature infants: association with inflammation, oxygen, and outcome. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2006; 91: F36-F39. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2003.045807
  24. Lukkarinen H, Hogmalm A, Lappalainen U, Bry K. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deficiency worsens lung injury in a model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 41: 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1165/rcmb.2008-0179OC
  25. Chakrabarti S, Patel KD. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in pulmonary pathology. Exp Lung Res 2005; 31: 599-621. https://doi.org/10.1080/019021490944232
  26. Bry K, Hogmalm A, Bäckström E. Mechanisms of inflammatory lung injury in the neonate: lessons from a transgenic mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Semin Perinatol 2010; 34: 211-221. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2010.02.006
  27. Lee HS, Kim WJ. The role of matrix metalloproteinase in inflammation with a focus on infectious diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23: 10546. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810546
  28. Guo Q, Jin Y, Chen X, et al. NF-κB in biology and targeted therapy: new insights and translational implications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9: 53. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-024-01757-9