In this study, we aimed to prospectively analyze the emergency diagnosis and clinical characteristics of the oncologic emergency patients admitted, as well as to evaluate the approach considerations to the cases, their treatment, patient outcomes and the prognostic factors. A total of 88 oncologic emergency patients (90 oncologic emergency hospitalizations), except for febrile neutropenia, were admitted to the pediatric oncology department between July 2014 and December 2015. A total of 30 cases of tumor lysis syndrome, 19 hyperleukocytosis, 11 convulsion, 7 spinal cord compression, 7 hemorrhagic cystitis, 9 pleural effusion, 6 vena cava superior syndrome, 4 typhlitis, 3 anuria, 4 gastrointestinal bleeding, 3 hypercalcemia, 4 acute respiratory distress syndrome, 2 acute massive hepatomegaly and 1 increased intracranial pressure were identified. Sixty-five (72.2%) of the study patients had a primary oncologic disease, whereas 25 (27.8%) had a recurring condition. The most common presenting complaint was fever (23.3%) followed by breathing difficulties (22.2%). Fifty-nine patients (65.6%) recovered and were discharged home, while 31 cases (34.4%) died. Tumor lysis syndrome was the most frequently encountered emergency condition in the pediatric oncology patient group. Oncologic emergencies need to be approached quickly and systematically in the light of current scientific knowledge.

Keywords: childhood, pediatric oncologic emergencies, tumor lysis syndrome