The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of gynecomastia on body image perception and gender roles in adolescents. Forty-seven adolescents with gynecomastia and 63 healthy adolescents were enrolled in the study. The Body Image Perception Scale (BIPS) and the Bem Gender Role Inventory (BGRI) were administered to the study group after the first evaluation and also one month later. The percentage of adolescents with a BIPS score lower than the median was higher in the study group than in the control group, although there was no significant difference. Additionally, considering the single item "my breasts," it was observed that body image perception disturbance existed mostly, if not entirely, in relation to this body part. After detailed information regarding gynecomastia was given during the first clinical session, the BIPS score improved at the one-month follow-up, emphasizing the importance of informing and educating patients regarding this condition. BGRI results showed that gender roles of patients with gynecomastia are not influenced in the feminine direction.