Of the 1238 schoolchildren examined, glycosuria was detected by Clinistix reagent strips in one boy, a prevalence of 0.08 per cent; retest showed that the case was a transient one. Proteinuria was detected in the first urine sample of 11.2 per cent of the females and 3.7 per cent of the males, 7.4 per cent of all examined children. Persistent proteinuria was found in 2.3 per cent of all positive cases on retest, an incidence of 3.7 per cent and 0.9 per cent among females and males respectively. Follow-up studies and treatment of patients with persistent proteinuria are discussed. Since the number of children studied in this communication is insufficient to give reliable statistical results, it is proposed that the screening test procedures used in this study for the detection of glycosuria and proteinuria be applied on a large scale among the Turkish school population.